What is swap space in Linux used for?

Swap space in Linux serves the crucial function of extending the system's RAM by using disk space to store inactive pages of memory. When the physical RAM becomes full or when the operating system determines that certain data in RAM is not actively being used, it can move this data to the swap space. This process allows the system to free up physical memory for active processes, thereby improving overall system performance and enabling multitasking.

Using swap space is particularly beneficial when dealing with applications that require more memory than what is available in RAM, as it facilitates a more efficient management of memory resources.

This function is distinct from other potential uses of disk space, such as backing up volatile RAM or holding system configuration files, as those do not directly involve the dynamic handling of memory resources in the same manner. Thus, the primary role of swap space is specifically aimed at extending the usable memory for processes by managing the transition between active and inactive pages, which enhances system stability and performance.